Table 2.

Pipeline programs*

Entry point in pipeline	Name of program	Description of program	Source of funding	Metrics
Middle and high school	OiA: Orthopaedics in Action; sponsored by Perry Initiative [19]	Provides kits to science teachers to educate and excite students on engineering principles used in orthopaedics	Kits are purchased or donated to schools/science teachers; current corporate sponsors are Zimmer Biomet (Warsaw, IN, USA) and Stryker, Inc (Kalamazoo, MI, USA)	Program has been in existence for less than 2 years; metrics not yet available
High school	Perry Initiative High School Outreach Program [20]	Day-long programs at numerous locations in which girls perform mock orthopaedic surgeries and biomedical engineering experiments while learning from women surgeons and engineers	Local host covers cost of program; program free to students	See article in this symposium on early results
Medical school	Perry Initiative Medical Student Outreach Program [20]	Similar to Perry high school program but for female medical students	Local host covers cost of program; program free to students	See article in this symposium on early results
	Nth Dimensions [15]	A multiyear program with a summer internship and ongoing mentorship	Zimmer Biomet AAOS Diversity Advisory Board	See article in this symposium
	Mentorship Programs: Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society [17], J. Robert Gladden Orthopaedic Society [12], American Association of Latino Orthopaedic Surgeons [1]; AAOS Diversity Advisory Board [2]	Provides interested students with orthopaedic surgeon mentor	By individual groups	No published data
	NYU Summer Externship Program [13]	One month preceptorship with NYU orthopaedic faculty; scholarships for underrepresented minorities	NYU-HJD Department of Orthopaedic surgery	No published data
	Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society Guide for Women in Orthopaedic Surgery [17]	Guidebook of practical advice and tips to encourage and support women in orthopaedics	Self-purchase USD 6.95	No published data
Medical school	AAOS Inaugural Medical Student Program (2016) [2]	Program during AAOS annual meeting for medical students	AAOS Annual Program Committee	New program

* This table is not intended to be inclusive of all pipeline efforts supported by orthopaedic societies, academic departments, and other groups; AAOS = American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; NYU = New York University; HJD = Hospital for Joint Diseases.