Table 1. Characteristics of Study Participants.
| Variable | HC | CHD | T2DM-CHD | T2DM |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (male/female) | 7/8 | 7/6 | 15/13 | 6/9 |
| Age (years) | 65.3 ± 6.6 | 64.7 ± 7.2 | 67.1 ± 5.8 | 63.9 ± 7.3 |
| Duration of CHD | 0 | 2.7 ± 4.9 | 3.4 ± 5.5 | 0 |
| Duration of T2DM | 0 | 0 | 5.5 ± 6.2 | 5.46 ± 4.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.63 ± 2.04 | 26.02 ± 2.63 | 26.31 ± 2.62 | 24.98 ± 2.93 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.75 ± 10.65 | 122 ± 11.46 | 125.17 ± 12.02 | 113.64 ± 9.90 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.66 ± 9.58 | 75.67 ± 8.63 | 76.83 ± 11.13 | 77.10 ± 6.67 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 1.68 ± 0.19 | 1.95 ± 0.42* | 2.12 ± 0.45* | 1.34 ± 0.25 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.26 ± 0.75 | 2.75 ± 0.83* | 2.68 ± 0.75* | 3.05 ± 0.59* |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.30 ± 0.32 | 1.09 ± 0.29* | 1.10 ± 0.25* | 1.23 ± 0.28 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.39 ± 0.44 | 6.04 ± 0.55 | 5.60 ± 0.13 | 5.74 ± 0.42 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 4.40 ± 1.11 | 4.91 ± 1.02 | 5.70 ± 1.22 | 5.91 ± 1.41 |
| SCr (mmol/L) | 69.78 ± 14.04 | 68.44 ± 9.84 | 78.20 ± 15.89 | 65.32 ± 14.39 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.96 ± 0.48 | 7.63 ± 1.92 | 8.81 ± 1.34* | 8.59 ± 0.32* |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.83 ± 1.97 | 5.34 ± 2.64 | 10.27 ± 3.29** | 8.21 ± 2.94* |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 7.29 ± 1.24 | 6.61 ± 0.85 | 15.01 ± 4.26** | 10.53 ± 4.53** |
| FINS (ulU/ml) | 7.91 ± 3.56 | 8.96 ± 5.74 | 17.30 ± 9.33** | 10.14 ± 6.91* |
| Medication History | ||||
| ACEI or ARB | 0 (0) | 6 (46.2) | 18 (64.3) | 0 (0) |
| Statins | 0 (0) | 4 (30.8) | 11 (39.3) | 0 (0) |
| Beta-blocker | 0 (0) | 5 (38.5) | 10 (35.7) | 0 (0) |
| OHA/insulin | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 13 (46.4) | 3 (20.0) |
BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; LDL: low density lipoproteins; HDL: high density lipoproteins; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; SCr: serum creatinine; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; 2hPG: 2h plasma glucose; FINS: fasting insulin. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, compared with control group, **p < 0.0001, compared with control group.