Table 2. Quantitative comparison of metabolites found in plasma of CHD patients, T2DM patients and healthy controls.
| Metabolites | Chemical shift | Interal HC in groupa (mean ± std) × 10−2 | CHD |
T2DM |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interal in groupa (mean ± std) × 10−2 | rb (CHD vs. HC) | VIP | Interal in groupa (mean ± std) × 10−2 | rb (T2DM vs HC) | VIP | |||
| VLDL/LDL | 0.87(m), 1.27(m) | 23.26 ± 4.11 | 28.81 ± 5.99** | 0.52(↑) | 2.06 | 21.04 ± 3.71 | 0.18(↓) | 0.69 |
| isoleucine | 0.93(t), 0.99(d) | 7.42 ± 0.81 | 6.78 ± 1.20 | 0.23(↓) | 0.79 | 5.85 ± 1.47** | 0.56(↓) | 1.87 |
| valine | 0.98(d), 1.03(d) | 15.8 ± 3.52 | 17.69 ± 4.28 | 0.10(↑) | 0.28 | 10.42 ± 2.02** | 0.71(↓) | 2.26 |
| isopropanol | 1.16(d) | 12.03 ± 6.77 | 1.57 ± 0.53** | 0.73(↓) | 3.08 | 1.33 ± 0.41** | 0.73(↓) | 2.51 |
| alanine | 1.47(d) | 45.06 ± 8.74 | 36.07 ± 9.34* | 0.44(↓) | 1.92 | 27.19 ± 14.02** | 0.60(↓) | 2.06 |
| leucine | 0.95(m), 1.70(m) | 1.18 ± 0.42 | 0.74 ± 0.34** | 0.56(↓) | 2.13 | 0.66 ± 0.27** | 0.64(↓) | 2.00 |
| arginine | 1.90(m), 3.24(t), 3.76(t) | 2.36 ± 0.41 | 1.68 ± 0.59** | 0.58(↓) | 2.41 | 1.59 ± 0.65** | 0.54(↓) | 1.97 |
| acetate | 1.92(s) | 13.37 ± 3.7 | 10.0 ± 3.28* | 0.49(↓) | 1.86 | 11.74 ± 4.64 | 0.32(↓) | 1.02 |
| proline | 2.03(m), 2.36(m), 3.43(m) | 6.43 ± 0.81 | 7.91 ± 1.02** | 0.48(↑) | 1.44 | 4.58 ± 1.84** | 0.53(↓) | 1.85 |
| glutamine | 2.14(m), 2.46(m), 3.79(m) | 3.62 ± 0.62 | 2.88 ± 0.60** | 0.57(↓) | 2.21 | 2.58 ± 0.91** | 0.54(↓) | 1.88 |
| creatine | 3.02(s), 3.92(s) | 3.46 ± 1.88 | 4.25 ± 1.92* | 0.40(↑) | 1.14 | 2.84 ± 1.98 | 0.39(↓) | 1.46 |
| creatinine | 3.03(s), 4.05(s) | 19.92 ± 4.38 | 17.56 ± 3.08 | 0.20(↓) | 0.94 | 13.42 ± 4.59** | 0.60(↓) | 1.99 |
| glucose | 3.24(m), 4.64(d), 5.23(d) | 20.00 ± 5.99 | 23.13 ± 4.87 | 0.16(↑) | 0.43 | 38.2 ± 22.42** | −0.53(↑) | 1.65 |
| glycine | 3.55(s) | 52.79 ± 11.87 | 42.61 ± 11.46* | 0.41(↓) | 1.72 | 55.02 ± 13.66 | −0.58(↑) | 1.96 |
| threonine | 1.31(d), 3.58(d), 4.25(m) | 4.35 ± 1.03 | 4.01 ± 1.50 | 0.03(↓) | 0.06 | 2.63 ± 1.1** | 0.66(↓) | 2.12 |
| tyrosine | 6.89(m), 7.18(m) | 2.66 ± 0.47 | 2.75 ± 0.89 | 0.09(↑) | 0.12 | 1.86 ± 0.92** | 0.49(↓) | 1.64 |
| 3-methylhistidine | 7.00(s), 7.66(s) | 5.35 ± 1.55 | 3.94 ± 1.56* | 0.44(↓) | 1.78 | 4.70 ± 1.81 | 0.44(↓) | 1.47 |
The arrows (↑/↓) were used to show the metabolite levels increase/decreased compared with healthy controls.
aThe relative integrals of metabolites were determined from 1D 1H NMR analysis of plasma of each group.
bThe values of correlation number extracted from the correlation plots of OPLS-DA models.
cThe p values were obtained from student’s t-test. The chemical shifts in boldface were that we used in calculating integrals and p values.