Table 2. Incidences, hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for peptic ulcers among sampled patients.
| Presence of peptic ulcers | Total sample N = 20,836 | Patients who underwent a cholecystectomy N = 5209 | Comparison patients N = 14,268 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-year follow-up period | ||||||
| Yes, n (%) | 563 | 2.70 | 243 | 4.67 | 320 | 2.05 |
| HR (95% CI) | — | 2.34*** (1.98~2.77) | 1.00 | |||
| Adjusted HRa (95% CI) | — | 2.21*** (1.86~2.63) | 1.00 | |||
| 3-year follow-up period | ||||||
| Yes, n (%) | 1299 | 6.23 | 480 | 9.21 | 819 | 5.24 |
| HR (95% CI) | — | 1.84*** (1.63~2.06) | 1.00 | |||
| Adjusted HRa (95% CI) | — | 1.73*** (1.54~1.95) | 1.00 | |||
| 5-year follow-up period | ||||||
| Yes, n (%) | 2033 | 9.76 | 674 | 12.94 | 1359 | 8.70 |
| HR (95% CI) | — | 1.56*** (1.41~1.72) | 1.00 | |||
| Adjusted HRa (95% CI) | — | 1.48*** (1.34~1.64) | 1.00 | |||
HRs were calculated by Cox proportional hazard regressions stratified by age group, sex, and the year of the index date; aAfter adjusting for the patients’ geographic region, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, obesity, alcohol abuse/alcohol dependence syndrome, and tobacco use disorder.***p < 0.001.