Table 3. Incidences, hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers among sampled patients during a 5-year follow-up period.
| Outcomes | Patients who underwent a cholecystectomy n = 5209 |
Comparison patients n = 14,268 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | |
| 5-year follow-up period | ||||
| Presence of gastric ulcers | 249 | 4.78 | 426 | 2.73 |
| HR (95% CI) | 1.79*** (1.53~2.10) | 1.00 | ||
| Adjusted HRa (95% CI) | 1.70*** (1.44~1.99) | 1.00 | ||
| Presence of duodenal ulcers | 125 | 2.40 | 208 | 1.33 |
| HR (95% CI) | 1.82*** (1.46~2.28) | 1.00 | ||
| Adjusted HRa (95% CI) | 1.71*** (1.36~2.15) | 1.00 | ||
HRs were calculated by Cox proportional hazard regressions stratified by age group, sex, and the year of the index date; aAfter adjusting for the patients’ geographic region, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, obesity, alcohol abuse/alcohol dependence syndrome, and tobacco use disorder. ***p < 0.001.