Table 1.
Examples of Genes Targeted by Developmental Reprogramming
| Developmental EDC Exposure | Gene Changes Seen in Adults | Persistent Epigenetic Alterations | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| DES | Hoxa10 | DNA hypermethylation | 65 |
| Ltf | DNA hypomethylation | 59 | |
| Six1 | Increased H3K9ac, H4K5ac and H3K4me3 histone methylation | 39 | |
| c-fos | DNA hypomethylation | 66 | |
| Nsbp1 | DNA hypomethylation | 58 | |
| Svs4 | DNA hypermethylation | 67 | |
| Vinclozolin | Imprinted H19, Gtl2, Peg1, Snrpn, and Peg 3 loci | DNA hyper- and hypomethylation | 68 |
| BPA | Scgb2a1 | DNA hypomethylation | 54 |
| Psbpc and Klk1 gene clusters and prostate cancer KEGG pathway genes | Increased H3K4me3 histone methylation | 55 | |
| SNORDs | Altered H3K4me3, H3K9me3, and H3K27me3 | 44 | |
| Methoxychlor | Imprinted Gtl2, Peg1, Snrpn, Peg3 loci | DNA hyper- and hypomethylation | 69 |
| Esr2 | DNA hypermethylation | 70 | |
| Genistein | Nsbp1 | DNA hypomethylation | 58 |
| DEHP | Vmn and Olfr genes, Sfi1 | DNA hypermethylation | 71 |
| miRNAs | DNA hypomethylation | 71 |