Figure 3.

Spatial organization of enzymes for substrate channelling. (a) Synthetic protein scaffold to position enzymes for modular control over metabolic pathways. Adapted from reference (⁴⁰). (b) Proposed scheme for creating a protein pipeline to integrate multiple-enzyme pathways for sequential catalytic reactions. Enzymes are encapsulated within tubular proteins that are assembled together, which enables direct diffusion of intermediates between active sites.