Table 3.
Observed Clinical Cases in Prolonged Grief Disorder and Depression Among Family Members in Three Intervention Conditions Over Time
| Caseness by Test and Time Point* | Family Members by Intervention Type % (No./Total No.)† | GEE Effect‡ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Care | Six-Session FFGT | 10-Session FFGT | ||
| CGI | ||||
| Baseline§ | ||||
| 6-month bereavement | 19.3 (11/57) | 12.3 (13/106) | 8.9 (9/101)‖ | Treatment main effect: Wald χ2 = 8.31; df = 2; P = .016; adjusted P = .048 |
| 13-month bereavement | 15.5 (13/84) | 12.1 (15/124) | 3.3 (4/122)¶ | |
| BDI | ||||
| Baseline | 18 (23/125) | 21 (33/156) | 17 (26/155) | Baseline to 6 months: Wald χ2 = 2.63; P = .105; adjusted P = .105 |
| 6-month bereavement | 20 (15/74) | 10 (12/116) | 16 (19/116) | |
| 13-month bereavement | 21 (20/97) | 14 (19/138) | 11 (15/136) | Baseline to 13 months: Wald χ2 = 3.92; P =.047; adjusted P = .0705 |
Abbreviations: BDI, Beck Depression Inventory II; CGI, Complicated Grief Inventory; FFGT, family-focused grief therapy; GEE, generalized estimating equations.
CGI caseness applied criteria for prolonged grief disorder. BDI caseness was defined by combining cases with severe BDI scores of 29 or greater and moderate BDI scores of 20 or greater.
Test statistics were based on a GEE model of BDI caseness as a function of five covariates: study stratification factors (site and family type), treatment assignment, time (eg, 6 months v baseline), and a fifth covariate of a treatment-by-time interaction. The Wald χ2 statistics were from the Wald test for the treatment by time-interaction (eg, for BDI, 6 months v baseline and 13 months v baseline; for CGI, 6 months v 13 months).
Denominators differed because of varied family sizes and because of more surviving patients in the standard care arm (n = 7 surviving patients with 23 family members) than in the 10-session arm (n = 4 surviving patients with 14 family members) and in the six-session arm (n = 6 surviving patients with 19 family members).
CGI data not collected before death.
Post hoc analyses at 6-month bereavement for 10-session FFGT versus standard care: odds ratio, 0.442; 95% adjusted CI, 0.129 to 1.380; adjusted P = .238.
Post hoc analyses at 13-month bereavement for 10-session FFGT versus standard care: odds ratio, 0.182; 95% adjusted CI, 0.043 to 0.773; adjusted P = .014.