Table 1.

Examples of common approaches to partnership working in four frameworks

Swiss Commission for Research Partnerships with DCs’ framework for transboundary research partnerships ([17], cited in [13])	Framework for Successful Research Partnership in Global Health [14]	Kybele Partnership Model (cited in [16])	THET’s Principles of Partnership [18]
Set the agenda together; Interact with stakeholders	Focus (including common goals and programme, vision)	Develop local solutions based on assessment of need and capacity	Strategic (including plans linked to identified needs); Respectful and reciprocal (including mutual engagement with each other’s needs and ideas)
Clarify responsibility	Leadership (including delegation of roles, management)	Ensure that a champion is selected who is committed to a partnership	Organised and accountable (including governance structures)
Promote mutual learning	[not explicit]	M&E integrated into all Kybele programs	Committed to joint learning