Figure 1.

(A) The 6 ABangle VH-VL parameters that describe the variable degrees of freedom of VH-VL orientation consist of the torsion angle HL, from H1 to L1 measured about C, the bend angle HC1, between H1 and C, the bend angle HC2, between H2 and C, the bend angle LC1, between L1 and C, the bend angle LC2, between L2 and C, and the length of C, dc (not shown). (B) Residues belonging to the VH-VL orientation fingerprint, shown in stick representation, and the resulting fingerprint string. CDR color coding follows IMGT/Collier-de-Perles²³ conventions: CDR-H1 is colored red, CDR-H2 orange, CDR-H3 purple, CDR-L1 blue, CDR-L2 light green, and CDR-L3 dark green. The example shows the crystal structure with PDB ID 3PP4.²⁴