Table 1.
Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics of the study subjects
| Patient group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Sepsis | Severe sepsis | Septic shock | P value |
| Demographics and underlying conditions | ||||
| Number of patients | 56 | 49 | 32 | - |
| Males, no. (%) | 29(51.79 %) | 27(55.10 %) | 14(43.75 %) | 0.418 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD COPD, no (%) Hypertension, no (%) Diabetes mellitus, no (%) |
68.04 ± 9.36 20(35.71 %) 23(41.07 %) 9(16.07 %) |
71.39 ± 8.85 24(48.98 %) 23(46.94 %) 9(18.37 %) |
69.16 ± 9.73 19(59.38 %) 17(53.13 %) 7(21.88 %) |
0.246 0.032* 0.473 0.381 |
| Baseline parameters, mean ± SD | ||||
| APACHE II score SOFA score |
9.87 ± 3.12 5.26 ± 2.09 |
12.50 ± 4.75 7.83 ± 2.53 |
18.34 ± 6.09 11.42 ± 3.74 |
0.001** 0.002** |
| SuPAR (ng/mL) PCT (ng/mL) White blood cell count (109/L) |
6.58 ± 3.17 6.14 ± 3.54 11.96 ± 2.866 |
8.62 ± 4.80 11.05 ± 4.60 18.26 ± 3.98 |
15.97 ± 5.44 27.69 ± 7.28 26.67 ± 7.04 |
0.001** <0.001** 0.037* |
| Lactic acid (mmol/L) | 1.75 ± 1.16 | 3.27 ± 1.48 | 6.03 ± 3.82 | 0.012* |
| BUN (mmol/L) Scr (μmol/L) ALT (U/L) AST (U/L) Bilirubin (mg/dL) Platelet (109/L) Plasma glucose (mmol/L) Hemoglobin (g/L) |
6.42 ± 3.85 70.32 ± 19.56 31.23 ± 10.27 32.95 ± 11.02 14.60 ± 8.03 154.19 ± 71.52 7.25 ± 4.89 109.84 ± 33.14 |
9.05 ± 4.13 103.59 ± 31.07 45.62 ± 16.44 60.38 ± 21.37 16.23 ± 9.15 134.08 ± 75.17 8.35 ± 5.18 117.08 ± 20.49 |
11.91 ± 9.39 154.08 ± 40.87 153.89 ± 48.01 196.35 ± 65.29 20.01 ± 9.66 127.60 ± 65.95 10.02 ± 7.11 118.05 ± 20.65 |
0.017* 0.021* 0.013* 0.009** 0.694 0.741 0.389 0.436 |
| Pathogen strains, no (%) | 0.058 | |||
| Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumonia Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acinetobacter baumannii Other Gram-negative bacteria Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus spp |
6(10.71 %) 5(8.93 %) 2(3.57 %) 3(5.36 %) 2(3.57 %) 1(1.79 %) 1(1.79 %) |
6(12.24 %) 4(8.16 %) 3(6.12 %) 4(8.16 %) 2(4.08 %) 2(4.08 %) 1(2.04 %) |
5 (15.63 %) 4(12.50 %) 3(9.38 %) 3(9.38 %) 1(3.13 %) 2(6.25 %) 0(0.00 %) |
- - - - - - - |
| Site of infection, no (%) | 0.713 | |||
| Lung Urinary tract Abdomen Other |
18(32.14 %) 15(26.79 %) 11(19.64 %) 12(21.43 %) |
23(46.94 %) 13(26.53 %) 7(14.29 %) 6(12.24 %) |
15(46.88 %) 8(25.00 %) 6(18.75 %) 3(9.38 %) |
- - - - |
| Intervention, no (%) | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation CRRT Vasopressor usage Study outcome, no (%) 28-day mortality |
3(5.36 %) 2(3.57 %) 0(0.00 %) 2(3.57 %) |
4(8.16 %) 6(12.24 %) 4(8.16 %) 4(8.16 %) |
12(37.50 %) 15(46.88 %) 13(40.63 %) 14(43.75 %) |
0.005** 0.004** 0.001** 0.001** |
Abbreviations: COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, suPAR soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, PCT procalcitonin, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Scr serum creatinine, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy
Data are expressed as no. (%), or mean (standard deviation, SD) as appropriate
Significant differences are marked by *(P < 0.05) or **(P < 0.01)