Table 3.

Dietary regimens in CKD. The degree of protein and phosphorus restriction is mostly dependent on severity of renal insufficiency, whereas adequacy of energy intake and limitation in salt intake are generally prescribed. As body weight (bw) we refer to the ideal body weight, or to the adjusted weight (when applicable)

Dietary regimen	Main composition features	CKD stages
a) Healthy diet, according to WHO	Protein: 0.8 g/Kg bw/day according to RDA.	I, II, IIIa
a) Healthy diet, according to WHO	Sodium according to WHO recommendation (2.3 g/day); Phosphorus according to RDA (700 mg/day)	I, II, IIIa
b) Low Protein Diet (LPD)	Protein: 0.6 g/Kg bw/day, whose 0.4 g/Kg of animal origin; Sodium: 2.3 g/day; Phosphorus < 700 mg/day	IIIb, IV, V
c) Low Protein Vegan Diet	Protein : 0.7 g/Kg bw/die, from grains and legumes;	IIIb, IV
c) Low Protein Vegan Diet	Sodium : 2.3 g/day; Phosphorus : < 700 mg/day	IIIb, IV
d) Supplemented Very Low Protein Diet (sVLPD)	Protein: 0.3-0.4 g/Kg bw/day supplemented with EAAs and KAs	IV, V
d) Supplemented Very Low Protein Diet (sVLPD)	Sodium: 2.3 g/day, Phosphorus : 300–400 mg/day	IV, V