Table 2.
Student- and school-level characteristics
| Student-level variables (Level 1) | N a (%)b (N = 3,706) |
| Socio-demographic characteristics | |
| Age group, years | |
| 7 to 10 | 159 (4.3) |
| 11 to 14 | 3,011 (81.4) |
| 15 to 18 | 531 (14.4) |
| Female sex | 1,937 (52.3) |
| Meals eaten yesterday | |
| 3+ | 1,743 (47.0) |
| 2 | 1,443 (39.0) |
| 1 or no meal | 519 (14.0) |
| School year attended | |
| Primary 5 | 1,452 (39.2) |
| Primary 6 | 1,327 (35.8) |
| Primary 7 | 927 (25.0) |
| Disability | 271 (7.3) |
| Violence | |
| Violence school staff past week | 2,057 (55.5) |
| Violence school staff >12 months | 3,097 (83.6) |
| Violence peers past week | 782 (21.1) |
| Violence peers >12 months | 999 (27.0) |
| Violence relatives past week | 223 (6.0) |
| Violence relatives >12 months | 763 (20.6) |
| Participation in school life | |
| Involvement in making up rules | 1,704 (46.3) |
| Consideration of students’ views | |
| All the time | 1,189 (32.9) |
| Most of the time | 1,073 (29.7) |
| Sometimes | 937 (25.9) |
| Never | 414 (11.5) |
| Connectedness | |
| School connectedness | |
| High | 859 (23.3) |
| Medium | 1,524 (41.4) |
| Low | 1,303 (35.4) |
| Connectedness to peers | |
| All the time | 1,799 (48.6) |
| Most of the time | 1,112 (30.1) |
| Sometimes | 676 (18.3) |
| Never | 112 (3.0) |
| Mental health | |
| SDQ categorical | |
| Normal | 2,938 (79.3) |
| Borderline/abnormal | 768 (20.7) |
| SDQ - Total Difficulties Score, median (range) | 8 (0, 30) |
| School-level variables (Level 2) | N a (%)b (N = 42) |
| School size, median (range) | 135.5 (73, 734) |
| School location | |
| Rural | 27 (64.3) |
| Urban | 15 (35.7) |
aIf not indicated as median; totals vary due to missing data and non-substantive responses (‘don’t know’, ‘no response’, ‘not applicable’): age: 5, meals eaten yesterday: 1, involvement in making up rules: 28, consideration of students' views: 93, school connectedness: 20, connectedness to peers: 7
bIf not indicated as range; % calculated on valid responses