Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the patients with and without DIC diagnosed by ISTH overt DIC criteria treated or untreated with anticoagulants
| Non-DIC (n = 2037) | DIC (n = 626) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anticoagulant group (n = 814) |
Control group (n = 1223) |
P value | Anticoagulant group (n = 433) |
Control group (n = 193) |
P value | |
| Patient characteristics | ||||||
| Age in years | 72 (63–80) | 73 (63–81) | 0.127 | 72 (61–80) | 73 (63–82) | 0.314 |
| Male sex | 485 (60 %) | 743 (61 %) | 0.611 | 231 (53 %) | 117 (61 %) | 0.098 |
| Illness severity | ||||||
| SIRS score | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.522 | 3 (3–4) | 3 (3–4) | 0.078 |
| SOFA score | 9 (7–12) | 7 (5–10) | <0.001 | 12 (9–14) | 12 (9–15) | 0.520 |
| APACHE II score | 23 (17–28) | 20 (15–26) | <0.001 | 25 (19–30) | 24 (18–33) | 0.342 |
| ISTH DIC score | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–3) | <0.001 | 6 (5–6) | 6 (5–6) | 0.411 |
| JAAM DIC score | 4 (3–5) | 2 (1–4) | <0.001 | 7 (6–8) | 6 (5–8) | 0.004 |
| Source of ICU admission | <0.001 | 0.395 | ||||
| Emergency department | 349 (43 %) | 639 (52 %) | - | 178 (41 %) | 90 (47 %) | - |
| Ward | 233 (29 %) | 294 (24 %) | - | 133 (31 %) | 51 (26 %) | - |
| Other hospital | 232 (29 %) | 290 (24 %) | - | 122 (30 %) | 52 (27 %) | - |
| Pre-existing condition | ||||||
| Liver insufficiency | 7 (0.9 %) | 3 (0.2 %) | 0.100 | 5 (1 %) | 4 (2 %) | 0.468 |
| Chronic heart failure | 49 (6 %) | 60 (5 %) | 0.315 | 27 (6 %) | 7 (4 %) | 0.251 |
| Chronic respiratory disorder | 31 (4 %) | 50 (4 %) | 0.817 | 11 (3 %) | 10 (5 %) | 0.097 |
| Chronic haemodialysis | 54 (7 %) | 98 (8 %) | 0.264 | 30 (7 %) | 27 (14 %) | 0.006 |
| Immunocompromised | 86 (11 %) | 134 (11 %) | 0.827 | 44 (10 %) | 16 (8 %) | 0.557 |
| New organ dysfunction (SOFA sub-scores ≥2) | ||||||
| Respiratory | 565 (69 %) | 812 (66 %) | 0.161 | 286 (66 %) | 129 (67 %) | 0.927 |
| Cardiovascular | 605 (74 %) | 681 (56 %) | <0.001 | 329 (76 %) | 146 (76 %) | 0.920 |
| Renal | 416 (51 %) | 454 (37 %) | <0.001 | 291 (67 %) | 118 (61 %) | 0.147 |
| Hepatic | 114 (14 %) | 136 (11 %) | 0.054 | 139 (32 %) | 52 (27 %) | 0.222 |
| Coagulation | 239 (29 %) | 226 (19 %) | <0.001 | 352 (81 %) | 140 (73 %) | 0.015 |
| Primary source of infection | <0.001 | 0.257 | ||||
| Abdomen | 304 (37 %) | 342 (28 %) | - | 156 (36 %) | 79 (41 %) | - |
| Lung | 205 (25 %) | 383 (31 %) | - | 64 (15 %) | 25 (13 %) | - |
| Urinary tract | 113 (14 %) | 199 (16 %) | - | 108 (25 %) | 36 (19 %) | - |
| Bone/soft tissue | 102 (13 %) | 145 (12 %) | - | 44 (10 %) | 18 (9 %) | - |
| Central nervous system | 15 (2 %) | 22 (2 %) | - | 15 (4 %) | 5 (3 %) | - |
| Other/unknown | 75 (9 %) | 132 (11 %) | - | 46 (11 %) | 30 (16 %) | - |
| Other therapeutic interventions | ||||||
| Immunoglobulin | 377 (46 %) | 179 (15 %) | <0.001 | 213 (49 %) | 31 (16 %) | <0.001 |
| Low-dose steroid | 248 (31 %) | 184 (15 %) | <0.001 | 153 (35 %) | 39 (20 %) | <0.001 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 351 (43 %) | 204 (17 %) | <0.001 | 215 (50 %) | 60 (31 %) | <0.001 |
| PMX-DHP | 251 (31 %) | 137 (11 %) | <0.001 | 159 (37 %) | 27 (14 %) | <0.001 |
| Surgical intervention | 415 (51 %) | 458 (37 %) | <0.001 | 202 (47 %) | 78 (40 %) | 0.164 |
Data are expressed as group medians (interquartile range) or proportion (%). DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation, ISTH International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, SIRS Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, JAAM Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, ICU intensive care unit, PMX-DHP polymyxin B direct haemoperfusion