Fig 3. Bisphenols exposure induces DNA damage checkpoint kinase CHK-1 activation.

(A) Immunostaining of phosphorylated CHK-1 on mid- to late-pachytene nuclei from dissected gonads of worms exposed to vehicle control (0.1% ethanol), 500 μM BPA,500 μM BPS or to their mixture (Scale bar, 10 μm). (B) Percentage of examined worms with elevated pCHK-1 in each group. Error bars represent SEM. N = 10 worms per trial, three repeats per treatment group. All tests are based on t statistics. **P<0.01.