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. 2016 Aug 1;27(15):2479–2492. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E16-04-0249

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© 2016 Pifer et al. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

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FIGURE 1: — GRHL2 suppresses HGF-induced cell scattering and tubulogenesis and is down-regulated by HGF. (A) HGF induction down-regulates endogenous GRHL2 protein. Western blot and densitometric quantitation of HGF treatment time course in MDCK cells. HGF induction down-regulates endogenous GRHL2 mRNA in MDCK cells; qPCR results expressed as ratios compared with vector control. (B) Constitutive GRHL2 expression in MDCK cells suppresses HGF-induced cell scattering; images represent representative morphologies of cells treated for 42 h. (C) GRHL2 knockdown in enhanced HGF-induced cell scattering (16 h), but MDCK shGRHL2 cells did not undergo an EMT phenotypic change when EMT markers were examined via Western blotting. (D) Constitutive GRHL2 expression in MDCK cells prevents tubulogenesis (blue, nuclei; green, actin). Scale bar, 20 μm. Quantification of percentage of cysts that demonstrated tubulogenesis.