Table 2.

Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for prevalent tooth loss by vitamin D status determined at study baseline (1997–2000): The Women’s Health Initiative Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease (OsteoPerio) Study

	Vitamin D status defined by categories of 25(OH)D (nmol/L) (n=780)
	Deficient (<30) OR (95% CI)	Inadequate (30 to <50) OR (95% CI)	Adequate (50 to <75) OR (95% CI)	Adequate (≥75) OR (95% CI)	p-for trend*
Any Tooth Loss†
N outcome/total	59/70	156/197	267/338	146/175
Unadjusted model	1.0	0.71 (0.34–1.47)	0.70 (0.35–1.41)	0.94 (0.44–2.00)	0.779
Age adjusted model	1.0	0.77 (0.37–1.61)	0.75 (0.37–1.51)	1.15 (0.53–2.48)	0.361
Multivariable model‡	1.0	0.81 (0.37–1.74)	0.88 (0.42–1.87)	1.53 (0.67–3.50)	0.049
Tooth Loss due to Periodontal Disease§
N outcome/total	11/22	14/55	30/101	15/44
Unadjusted model	1.0	0.34 (0.12–0.96)	0.42 (0.17–1.08)	0.52 (0.18–1.47)	0.799
Age adjusted model	1.0	0.37 (0.13–1.08)	0.46 (0.17–1.24)	0.73 (0.24–2.19)	0.626
Multivariable model‡	1.0	0.39 (0.12–1.26)	0.60 (0.20–1.80)	1.10 (0.32–3.76)	0.189
Tooth Loss due to Caries‖
N outcome/total	48/59	142/183	237/308	131/160
Unadjusted model	1.0	0.79 (0.38–1.67)	0.77 (0.38–1.55)	1.04 (0.48–2.23)	0.714
Age adjusted model	1.0	0.86 (0.40–1.83)	0.83 (0.40–1.71)	1.26 (0.57–2.76)	0.341
Multivariable model‡	1.0	0.93 (0.43–2.05)	1.02 (0.47–2.19)	1.72 (0.74–4.00)	0.045
		Vitamin D status defined by categories of total vitamin D intake (IU/day) (n=774)
		< 400 OR (95% CI)	400 to < 600 OR (95% CI)	≥ 600 OR (95% CI)	p-for trend*
Any Tooth Loss¶
N outcome/total		236/284	145/179	242/311
Unadjusted model		1.0	0.87 (0.53–1.41)	0.71 (0.47–1.08)	0.019
Age adjusted model		1.0	0.88 (0.54–1.44)	0.76 (0.50–1.1.5)	0.029
Multivariable model‡		1.0	1.01 (0.61–1.67)	0.79 (0.52–1.21)	0.037
Tooth Loss due to Periodontal Disease#
N outcome/total		30/78	16/50	24/93
Unadjusted model		1.0	0.75 (0.36–1.59)	0.56 (0.29–1.07)	0.056
Age adjusted model		1.0	0.76 (0.35–1.65)	0.62 (0.32–1.22)	0.106
Multivariable model‡		1.0	0.87 (0.37–2.04)	0.53 (0.25–1.12)	0.080
Tooth Loss due to Caries**
N outcome/total		206/254	129/163	218/287
Unadjusted model		1.0	0.88 (0.54–1.45)	0.74 (0.49–1.12)	0.028
Age adjusted model		1.0	0.91 (0.55–1.50)	0.78 (0.51–1.19)	0.040
Multivariable model‡		1.0	1.03 (0.62–1.72)	0.82 (0.53–1.27)	0.048

^*Logistic regression was used to calculate p for linear trend using continuous 25(OH)D plasma concentrations or total vitamin D intake.

^†There are 780 women in this analysis, of whom 628 had any history of tooth loss (due to periodontal disease, caries, or both), and 152 had no history of tooth loss due to any reasons.

^‡Multivariable model: adjusted for age, annual family income, smoking status, frequency of dental visits, waist circumference and recreational physical activity.

^§There are 222 women in this analysis, of whom 70 had a history of tooth loss due to periodontal disease (with or without a history of tooth loss due to caries), and 152 had no history of tooth loss due to any reasons.

^‖There are 710 women in this analysis, of whom 558 had a history of tooth loss due to caries and no history of tooth loss due to periodontal disease, and 152 had no history of tooth loss due to any reasons.

^¶There are 774 women in this analysis, of whom 623 had any history of tooth loss (due to periodontal disease, caries, or both), and 151 had no history of tooth loss due to any reasons.

^#There are 221 women in this analysis, of whom 70 had a history of tooth loss due to periodontal disease (with or without a history of tooth loss due to caries), and 151 had no history of tooth loss due to any reasons.

^**There are 704 women in this analysis, of whom 553 had a history of tooth loss due to caries and no history of tooth loss due to periodontal disease, and 151 had a history of tooth loss due to any reasons.