Table 1.
The role of glucokinase in different brain regions
| Brain Region | Role of Glucokinase | Mechanism | Type of Neuron | Ref. Nos. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARC | Appetite, particularly for glucose-rich foods; counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia | KATP channels NPY; GHRH? Vagus; Reward? | GI | 15, 20, 32, 42–44, 47, 58, 63, 70, 73, 75, 77, 79, 86, 92, 96, 113, 121, 142, 144, 145, 153 |
| LH | Appetite: glucoprivic feeding | Orexin? Reward? Vagus? | GI | 38, 56, 74, 77, 86, 92, 94, 113, 142, 147, 153, 171, 176 |
| VMH | Glucose homeostasis | KATP channels; GABA; NO; vagus; adrenergic receptors | GE | 16, 17, 23, 30, 40, 42, 50, 51, 58, 63, 73, 75, 81, 82, 88, 98, 99, 116, 141, 154, 155, 165, 172, 177 |
| Counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia | ||||
| MAN | Glucose homeostasis; counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia | Vagus? | ? | 41, 162, 174, 175, |
| AP | Energy homeostasis | ? | ? | 170, 52, 3, 36 |
| NTS | Glucose homeostasis | KATP channels? | ? | 2, 37, 42, 84, 92, 158, 173 |
| GLUT2? | ||||
| DMV | Glucose homeostasis | KATP channels? | ? | 2, 92, 126 |
GI, glucose inhibited; GE, glucose excited; GHRH, growth hormone-releasing hormone; ARC, arcuate nucleus; LH, lateral hypothalamus; VMH, ventromedial hypothalamus; MAN, medial amygdalar nucleus; AP, area postrema; NTS, nucleus tractus solitarius; DMV, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus.