Table 1.

Cases and controls used for odds ratio calculations (with references)

Study	Affected	Unaffected	Ref. No.
Othersen et al.			79
Contrast exposure	4	257
No contrast exposure	0	588
Never	0	588
One exposure	2	191
Multiple exposures	2	70
Collidge et al.			17
Contrast exposure	13	395
No contrast exposure	1	1,403
Deo et al.			25
Contrast exposure	3	84
No contrast exposure	0	380
One exposure	2	60
Multiple exposures	1	24
Broome et al.			12
Contrast exposure	12	301
No contrast exposure	0	258

Nos. are no. of patients. Othersen, Maize, Woolson, and Budisavljevic (79) sought gadolinium-associated systemic fibrosis cases in 849 chronic dialysis patients over 5 yr at the Medical University of South Carolina. Among 261 exposed to gadolinium, 4 patients developed the disease. Collidge, Thomson, Mark, Traynor, Jardine, Morris, Simpson, and Roditi (17) conducted a retrospective study involving chronic dialysis patients at two units west of Scotland from January 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006. In three hemodialysis facilities and one peritoneal dialysis unit surrounding Bridgeport, Connecticut, three cases of gadolinium-associated systemic fibrosis were identified in an 18-mo window (25). Broome, Girguis, Baron, Cottrell, Kjellin and Kirk (12) conducted a retrospective study. There were 12 cases of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, 8 of whom were on chronic dialysis and 4 with hepato-renal syndrome.