Table 3.

Effects of diet, buffer insulin, buffer ketone, and interactions among these factors on TCA cycle substrate entry following ischemia-reperfusion

	FFA		CHO		Ketone
	Magnitude	P Value	Magnitude	P Value	Magnitude	P Value
Including normoxia and I/R
Diet	(+) 10.17	<0.001*	(−) 5.19	<0.01*	(−) 4.99	0.05
Buffer insulin	(−) 1.44	0.49	(+) 3.1	0.09	(−) 1.63	0.52
Buffer ketone	(−) 3.40	0.11	(+) 2.36	0.19	(+) 1.02	0.69
Perfusion	(+) 10.41	<0.001*	(−) 6.71	<0.001*	(−) 3.67	0.15
I/R considered alone
Diet	(+) 11.31	<0.01*	(−) 1.04	0.69	(−) 10.27	<0.05*
Buffer insulin	(−) 5.37	0.12	(+) 1.16	0.65	(+) 4.22	0.30
Buffer ketone	(+) 0.99	0.77	(+) 1.62	0.53	(−) 2.62	0.52
interactions
Insulin-ketone	—	<0.05	—	0.88	—	<0.05*

Magnitude expressed as the difference in means of TCA cycle substrate entry between aggregate groups stratified by diet, buffer insulin, and buffer ketone. With all data considered as a whole, there was no significant interaction of the experimental variables. For diet, a positive sign means that HFLCD has a greater value than CONT diet; for insulin and ketone, a positive sign means that the higher insulin or ketone level results in a greater value; and for perfusion, positive sign means I/R is greater than normoxia.

^*P < 0.05 for HFLCD compared with CONT diet with same perfusion buffer and perfusion condition.