Table 4.

Effect of diet, buffer insulin and ketone levels on the fraction of total acetyl-CoA entering the TCA cycle under normoxia and I/R conditions.

	Normoxia			I/R
	FFA	CHO	Ketone	FFA	CHO	Ketone
Low-insulin/low-ketone
CONT	37 ± 3	26 ± 3	37 ± 3	45 ± 3	19 ± 4	36 ± 5
HFLCD	48 ± 1	18 ± 3	34 ± 4	48 ± 5	15 ± 2	38 ± 4
Low-insulin/high-ketone
CONT	26 ± 2	25 ± 2	49 ± 2	45 ± 6#	18 ± 4	38 ± 10
HFLCD	36 ± 1	20 ± 3	44 ± 3	67 ± 1*#‡	19 ± 1	14 ± 1*#‡
High-insulin/high-ketone
CONT	36 ± 2	36 ± 6	28 ± 4	39 ± 7	18 ± 5#	43 ± 3
HFLCD	39 ± 5	25 ± 2	37 ± 6	45 ± 3*†	21 ± 5	34 ± 5*†
High-insulin/low-ketone
CONT	35 ± 3	31 ± 4	35 ± 1	43 ± 4	19 ± 2	38 ± 3
HFLCD	48 ± 2	18 ± 2	35 ± 3	56 ± 3	16 ± 2	28 ± 3

Means ± SE, n = 4 to 6 each group. Values are expressed as % of total TCA cycle entry from the acetyl-CoA pool, derived from each substrate and rounded to the nearest percent.

^*P < 0.05 for HFLCD compared with CONT diet with same perfusion buffer and perfusion condition.

^#P < 0.05 for I/R compared with normoxia with same perfusion buffer and diet condition.

^†P < 0.05 for high-insulin compared with low-insulin with the same ketone level, perfusion condition, and diet.

^‡P < 0.05 for high-ketone compared with low-ketone with the same insulin level, perfusion condition, and diet.