Table 2.

Echocardiographic analysis of wild-type (2-copy), Npr1 gene-disrupted (1-copy), and Npr1 gene-duplicated (3-copy) control and drug-treated mice

Groups/Indexes	LVEDS, mm	LVEDD, mm	IVSTD, mm	FS, %
1-Copy vehicle	2.6 ± 0.02‡	4.4 ± 0.01‡	0.88 ± 0.02‡	38.91 ± 1.6‡
1-Copy + RA	2.5 ± 0.02	4.0 ± 0.02*	0.87 ± 0.01	39.07 ± 2.7*
1-Copy + SB	2.5 ± 0.01	4.0 ± 0.01*	0.87 ± 0.01	39.17 ± 3.8*
1-Copy + HB	2.1 ± 0.02§	3.7 ± 0.01§	0.67 ± 0.01§	46.35 ± 4.2§
2-Copy vehicle	2.2 ± 0.01	3.9 ± 0.01	0.68 ± 0.01	45.82 ± 2.0
2-Copy + RA	2.0 ± 0.01*	3.8 ± 0.01	0.67 ± 0.01	46.52 ± 2.0
2-Copy + SB	2.1 ± 0.01	3.7 ± 0.01*	0.67 ± 0.01	46.88 ± 2.7
2-Copy + HB	2.0 ± 0.01*	3.6 ± 0.01*	0.65 ± 0.01*	47.07 ± 2.5*
3-Copy vehicle	1.9 ± 0.01‡	3.7 ± 0.01‡	0.66 ± 0.01‡	47.22 ± 1.9‡
3-Copy + RA	1.8 ± 0.01	3.6 ± 0.01	0.65 ± 0.01	49.23 ± 2.0*
3-Copy + SB	1.8 ± 0.01	3.6 ± 0.01	0.64 ± 0.01*	48.02 ± 2.4
3-Copy + HB	1.7 ± 0.01*	3.4 ± 0.01*	0.63 ± 0.01*	51.18 ± 1.7*

Values are expressed as means ± SE (n = 8). Left ventricular end dimension (systolic) (LVEDS); left ventricular end dimension (diastolic) (LVEDD); interventricular end dimension (diastolic) (IVSTD); fractional shortening (FS) of control, retinoic acid (RA), sodium butyrate (SB), and hybrid (HB) drug-treated mice. Statistical significance expressed as

^†P < 0.05,

^‡P < 0.01 compared with 2-copy control;

^*P < 0.05,

^§P < 0.01 compared with vehicle-treated controls within the group.