Table 4.
Association of maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy (independent variable) with infant BMI-z score from 0- 24 months, and infant skinfold measurements at 0, 18 and 24 months (dependent variable) (n= 807)1
| Vitamin D Deficiency (<50 nmol/L) | Vitamin D Insufficiency (≥50 and <75 nmol/L) | Vitamin D Sufficiency (>75 nmol/L) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | β (95%CI) | N | β (95%CI) | N | β | |
| BMI-for-age z-score2 | ||||||
| 0 m | 109 | -0.09 (-0.29, 0.12) | 213 | -0.02 (-0.18, 0.13) | 483 | Ref |
| 3 m | 98 | -0.01 (-0.25, 0.22) | 203 | -0.07 (-0.25, 0.10) | 458 | Ref |
| 6 m | 86 | 0.11 (-0.15, 0.37) | 195 | -0.07 (-0.26, 0.12) | 448 | Ref |
| 9 m | 85 | 0.04 (-0.22, 0.29) | 181 | -0.04 (-0.23, 0.15) | 428 | Ref |
| 12 m | 89 | -0.07 (-0.31, 0.17) | 186 | 0.04 (-0.14, 0.22) | 436 | Ref |
| 15 m | 86 | -0.02 (-0.27, 0.22) | 189 | 0.09 (-0.09, 0.27) | 437 | Ref |
| 18 m | 75 | 0.01 (-0.26, 0.27) | 163 | 0.02 (-0.18, 0.21) | 356 | Ref |
| 24 m | 70 | 0.02 (-0.27, 0.30) | 168 | -0.04 (-0.25, 0.16) | 371 | Ref |
| Triceps skinfold3 | ||||||
| 0 m | 103 | 0.12 (-0.15, 0.39) | 206 | -0.03 (-0.24, 0.18) | 470 | Ref |
| 18 m | 78 | 0.37 (-0.08, 0.81) | 166 | 0.02 (-0.32, 0.35) | 365 | Ref |
| 24 m | 72 | -0.02 (-0.52, 0.49) | 171 | -0.14 (-0.51, 0.22) | 378 | Ref |
| Biceps skinfold3 | ||||||
| 18 m | 76 | 0.29 (-0.13, 0.71) | 159 | -0.02 (-0.34, 0.29) | 341 | Ref |
| 24 m | 69 | -0.05 (-0.45, 0.35) | 167 | -0.01 (-0.30, 0.28) | 371 | Ref |
| Subscapular skinfold3 | ||||||
| 0 m | 103 | -0.07 (-0.32, 0.18) | 206 | 0.00 (-0.19, 0.19) | 469 | Ref |
| 18 m | 69 | 0.19 (-0.18, 0.57) | 155 | -0.10 (-0.37, 0.18) | 341 | Ref |
| 24 m | 74 | 0.19 (-0.24, 0.61) | 178 | -0.30 (-0.60, 0.00) | 385 | Ref |
1
adjusted for maternal ethnicity, education, smoking during pregnancy, age, pregnancy BMI, total maternal energy intake and infant birth order
2
No statistically significant differences were seen between maternal vitamin D deficiency status with BMI-for-age z-score.
3
No statistically significant differences were seen between maternal vitamin D deficiency status with triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold and subscapular skinfold.