Table 5.

Bivariate correlations between vocal variables and demographic, contextual and group predictor variables.

	Pause M	Pause N	Intonation	Pitch Instability	Δ Tongue	Emphasis	Volume Instability
Demographic Variables
Age	−.12*	.05	−.04	.24*	.08	−.07	.02
Sex	.11*	.05	−.24**	.11*	.11*	.04	.01
Caucasian Ethnicity a	.00	.10*	−.02	−.06	.02	.06	.00
African-American a	−.13**	−.10*	.01	−.02	.01	−.09	−.04
Contextual Variables
Study 1a	.02	−.03	.37*	−.36*	.52*	−.05	.46*
Study 2a	−.07	.05	−.13*	.17*	.20*	−.04	−.39*
Study 3a	−.23*	.38*	−.08	.42*	.28*	−.07	−.48*
Study 4a	.55*	.10*	.00	.14*	−.01	.27*	.13*
Study 5a	−.28*	−.40*	−.18*	−.25*	−.76*	−.11*	.09
Group Variables
Groupa	−.02	−.15*	−.10*	−.07	−.04	−.12**	−.01

^aVariable is dummy-coded.

^*= p < .05