Table 1.
Study Characteristics of the Early Determinants of Mammographic Density cohort (n=1045) according to maternal weight gain in pregnancy.
| Did not exceed IOM guidelines1 (n=942) | Exceeded IOM guidelines1 (n=103) | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal Characteristics | Mean or % | SD | Mean or % | SD | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 26.1 | ±3·5 | 26.9 | ±4.3 | p<0.0001 |
| <25 | 81% | 34% | |||
| 25 to <30 | 15% | 44% | |||
| 30+ | 4% | 22% | |||
| Age at delivery (years) | 26.1 | ±5·7 | 25.7 | ±5.6 | 0.48 |
| Education (more than high school) | 35% | 27% | 0.22 | ||
| Smoking during pregnancy (yes vs. no) | 41% | 33% | 0.18 | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 83% | 79% | 0.52 | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 11% | 17% | 0.31 | ||
| Hispanic, Asian, Native American, Other | 6% | 4% | 0.70 | ||
| Daughter Characteristics | |||||
| Gestational age (weeks) | 40.1 | ±2.0 | 40.6 | ±2.0 | p<0.01 |
| Birth weight (kg) | 3.4 | ±0.5 | 3.7 | ±0.5 | p<0.0001 |
| Birth length (cm) | 51.2 | ±2.8 | 52.5 | ±2.3 | p<0.0001 |
| BMI at age 4 years (kg/m2) | 16.4 | ±1.6 | 17.1 | ±2.5 | p<0.0001 |
| BMI at age 20 years (kg/m2) | 22.1 | ±3.9 | 24.8 | ±5.8 | p<0.0001 |
| BMI at interview (kg/m2) | 26.7 | ±6.1 | 31.3 | ±7.5 | p<0.0001 |
| Age at interview (years) | 44.1 | ±1.9 | 44.1 | ±1.9 | 0.93 |
| Parous (%) | 86.9% | 88.2% | 0.70 | ||
1
Classification from 2009 Institute of Medicine pregnancy weight gain guidelines