TABLE 1.
Comparison of the socio-demographic characteristics of vegetarian and non-vegetarian adults (20–69 years) participating in CARRS (South Asia; n=15,665) and NHANES (US; n=2159) †
| South Asia |
US |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non- vegetarian (n=10,697) |
Vegetarian ‡ (n=4968) |
Non- vegetarian (n=2100) |
Vegetarian ‡ (n=59) |
|
| Age | ||||
| 20–29 years | 22.5 (2244) | 14.7 (658) * | 16.5 (349) | 21.2 (11) |
| 30–39 years | 31.3 (3197) | 27.7 (1187) * | 20.5 (404) | 21.3 (12) |
| 40–49 years | 27.0 (2887) | 29.9 (1451) * | 25.8 (473) | 22.1 (14) |
| 50–59 years | 13.0 (1574) | 19.2 (1006) * | 21.3 (379) | 22.6 (9) |
| 60–69 years | 6.2 (795) | 8.5 (666) * | 15.8 (495) | 12.8 (13) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 48.5 (5179) | 43.5 (2193) * | 47.9 (1035) | 31.7 (22) * |
| Female | 51.5 (5518) | 56.5 (2775) * | 52.1 (1065) | 68.3 (37) * |
| City | ||||
| Chennai | 52.6 (5718) | 17.0 (990) * | - | - |
| Delhi | 19.5 (1702) | 72.9 (3411) * | - | - |
| Karachi | 27.9 (3277) | 10.1 (567) * | - | - |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | - | - | 73.2 (1076) | 53.6 (20) * |
| Other | - | - | 26.8 (1024) | 46.4 (39) * |
| Country of birth | ||||
| US | - | - | 86.8 (1706) | 63.0 (33) * |
| Other | - | - | 13.2 (394) | 37.0 (26) * |
| Education | ||||
| < High school | 21.1 (2365) | 18.8 (1003) * | 14.5 (476) | 21.9 (21) * |
| High school to some college | 64.3 (6843) | 55.3 (2760) * | 58.7 (1182) | 33.4 (21) * |
| College degree | 14.5 (1488) | 25.9 (1205) * | 26.8 (442) | 44.8 (17) * |
| Tobacco use§ | ||||
| Never | 73.4 (7830) | 79.3 (3924) * | 49.3 (1059) | 67.8 (37) * |
| Used to but not current | 1.7 (189) | 1.4 (88) * | 24.5 (510) | 18.9 (13) * |
| Current | 25.0 (2677) | 19.3 (956) * | 26.2 (531) | 13.4 (9) * |
| Alcohol use | ||||
| Never | 82.1 (8790) | 87.6 (4355) * | 10.8 (261) | 12.4 (8) |
| Moderate ║ | 9.8 (1026) | 9.4 (447) * | 62.7 (1246) | 71.9 (38) |
| Heavy ¶ | 8.1 (881) | 3.0 (166) * | 26.5 (518) | 15.6 (12) |
| Sedentary time†† | ||||
| <5 hours/day | 37.9 (4280) | 50.2 (2449) * | 80.1 (1648) | 89.2 (47) * |
| ≥5 hours/day | 62.1 (6417) | 49.8 (2519) * | 19.9 (452) | 10.8 (12) * |
| Vegetarian dietary pattern | ||||
| Semi-vegetarian | - | 40.0 (2017) | - | 48.6 (33) |
| Pesco-vegetarian | - | 4.0 (193) | - | 24.6 (11) |
| Lacto-ovo vegetarian | - | 10.6 (507) | - | 5.0 (2) |
| Lacto-vegetarian | - | 36.6 (1802) | - | 18.0 (8) |
| Vegan | - | 8.8 (449) | - | 3.8 (5) |
Values presented are weighted percent (un-weighted frequency).
Participants adhering to any one of the following five vegetarian dietary patterns: vegan (restrict meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy); lacto-vegetarian (restrict meat, poultry, fish, and eggs); lacto-ovo vegetarian (restrict meat, poultry, and fish); pesco-vegetarian (restrict meat and poultry); or semi-vegetarian (eat meat, poultry, and fish ≥1 time/month but <1 time/week).
In NHANES, includes only smoking. In CARRS, includes both smoking and smokeless tobacco.
In CARRS, defined as self-reported “occasional” alcohol use. In NHANES, defined as ≤2 drinks per day on days when participant drinks alcohol.
In CARRS, defined as self-reported “regular” alcohol use. In NHANES, defined as >2 drinks per day on days when participant drinks alcohol.
In CARRS, defined as all time spent sitting or lying down (not including sleeping). In NHANES defined as screen time (computer + TV).
P-value <0.05 from Wald chi-square statistics with Satterthwaite correction comparing non-vegetarians and vegetarians within samples.