Table 3.

Summary of the answers to the research question collected during the semi-structured interviews

Research question: Which prolonged posture causes low back pain for you?
Quote	Meaning unit	Consent meaning unit	Code
Quotes for prolonged walking
(Are there other prolonged postures which cause you back pain? Except mentioned long walking?)	Prolonged back pain causing postures, except long walking?	Prolonged postures, except long walking?	Prolonged walking
During walking and sitting. Ok, now I have pain, too. (And more if you are sitting over a short or a long time?) Sitting over a long time	During walking and sitting over long time	Walking and sitting over long time	Prolonged walking and sitting
Quotes for prolonged forward standing
Bent forward. Well, doing something in this posture. (So, prolonged forward standing?) Exactly	So, prolonged forward standing? Exactly	Prolonged forward standing	Prolonged forward standing
Forward bent standing, yes	Forward bent standing	Forward bent standing	Prolonged forward standing
Quote for prolonged forward sitting
… if I am sitting … like in a forward bent position. During sitting	Sitting in a forward bent position	Sitting forward	Prolonged forward sitting
Quote for whole body vibration
(Any other activities where you have pain in your back? Something in your leisure time or at work?) During sledging	(Something in your leisure time or at work?) During sledding	During sledding	Whole body vibration
Quote for bending
So, e.g., you have to tie the iron, then you are bent most of the time, except it is not a wall, if it is a ceiling or a floor you are often bending	Then you are bending most of the time, except it is not a wall, if it is a ceiling or a floor you are often bending	You are often bending	Often bending
Above all things bending	Bending	Bending	Bending
Forward bent postures over time That’s difficult, too	Forward bent postures over time	Prolonged bent postures	Long bent postures
… in bent posture	Bent posture	Bent posture	Bent posture
Quotes for prolonged crouching
Or, well, going on your knees or cowering for a long time, this could not be sustained	To be on your knees or cowering for a long time	Cowering over a long time	Long cowering
… and even longer prolonged cowering, too If you just go down for a short time, it’s not like that bad …	And even longer prolonged cowering too	Longer prolonged cowering	Long cowering
Long forced positions, I would call it	Long forced posture	Long cowering posture	Long cowering
Quotes for prolonged standing
Yes, standing still	Standing calm over time	Standing over time	Long standing
Yes, standing on a ladder	Standing calm over time	Standing over time	Long standing
Standing calm, queuing somewhere	Standing calm over time	Standing over time	Long standing
(Would you see forward bent sitting and standing in prolonged postures as a problem for you?) Yes. Just catching something and putting it away is not a problem, but holding this position	Long forward bent sitting and standing	Long forward bent sitting and standing	Long sitting and standing
Quotes for prolonged sitting
Long sitting during driving a car, for example	Long sitting during driving a car	Long sitting	Long sitting
It hurts, when I’m sitting. So I prefer standing	It hurts, when I’m sitting	Long sitting	Long sitting
… long sitting	Long sitting	Long sitting	Long sitting
Well now, sitting without a back rest. A chair, e.g., if I’m sitting too long, it hurts. Then I have to stand up and relax for a time, always	Long sitting without back rest. Then I have to stand up and relax for a time, always	Long sitting without back rest	Long sitting
… with the problem of intervertebral disc of the lumbar column, there it was long sitting of course	There it was long sitting	It was long sitting	Long sitting
… well, after which postures does the pain come but, e.g., longer train trips or generally sitting, it can be in a car, for over 2 or 2.5 h	Longer train trips, generally sitting, in a car, over 2 or 2.5 h	Generally sitting over 2 or 2.5 h	Long sitting
(Would you see forward bended sitting and standing in prolonged postures as a problem for you?) Yes. Just catching something and putting it away is not a problem, but holding this position	Long forward bending sitting and standing	Long forward bending sitting and standing	Long sitting and standing
Long sitting, I think because I was sitting over a long time	Because I was sitting over a long time	Sitting over a long time	Long sitting
So, if I have a prolonged posture, which causes me pain? Except sitting, rather nothing else, no	Except long sitting, rather nothing else, no	Except long sitting, nothing	Long sitting
During walking and sitting. Ok, now I have pain, too. (And more if you are sitting over a short or a long time?) Sitting over a long time	During walking and sitting over long time	Walking and sitting over a long time	Long walking and sitting