Source of evidence |
Peer-review journal article |
75 (61) |
Commentary/editorial/article summary |
19 (15) |
Conference proceeding |
9 (7) |
Review |
9 (7) |
Study protocol |
6 (5) |
Thesis |
5 (4) |
Discipline of lead authors |
Health care |
121 (98) |
Computing science |
2 (2) |
Geographic location of lead authors |
North America |
70 (57) |
Europe |
21 (17) |
Australasia |
9 (7) |
Asia |
4 (3) |
Multiple locations |
19 (15) |
Year of publication |
2006–2014 |
101 (82) |
2000–2005 |
18 (15) |
Before 2000 |
4 (3) |
Type of tool discussed in the article |
Clinical prediction rule/classification system |
79 (64) |
Questionnaire |
15 (12) |
Treatment algorithm |
15 (12) |
Theoretical/empirical model |
6 (5) |
Computer-based tool |
8 (7) |
Condition aimed at by tool |
Low back pain |
69 (56) |
Neck/shoulder/arm pain |
21 (17) |
General MSK disorders |
17 (14) |
Knee/ankle pain |
6 (5) |
Upper extremity pain |
3 (2) |
Serious pathology (fractures, etc.) |
5 (4) |
Thoracolumbar injury |
2 (2) |
Reasoning method |
Rule-based |
109 (89) |
Other (e.g., neural network, decision tree) |
8 (7) |
Unclear |
6 (5) |
Study design of peer-review studies located (n = 75) |
Experimental |
Randomized controlled trial |
12 (16) |
Quasi-experimental |
4 (5) |
Observational |
Cohort study |
31 (41) |
Case control/case report/case series |
15 (20) |
Cross-sectional study |
6 (8) |
Secondary analysis |
5 (7) |
Methodological study |
2 (3) |