Table 1.

Components and scoring of the Healthy Food Intake Index (HFII) validated among Finnish pregnant women at high risk of gestational diabetes

Main guidelines in NNR	HFII component	Included foods	Intake freq.	Score	Principle for cut-off
1. Limit:
Beverages and foods with	Snacks	candy, chocolate, pastries,	≤4 x / wk	2	tertiles
added sugar or salt		chips, ice cream	5–6 x / wk	1
			≥1 x / d	0
	Sugar-sweetened	sugar-sweetened soft drink	<1 x / wk	1	median
	beverages	and sugar-sweetened juice	≥1 x / wk	0
	Fast food	hamburgers ja pizza	<1 x / wk	1	median
			≥1 x / wk	0
Processed and red meat	-
Alcohol	-
2. Exchange:
Refined cereals to	High-fiber grains	dark bread, brown rice and	≥3 x / d	2	FNR + CP
→ whole grain cereals		pasta, porridge	1–2 x / d	1
			<1 x / d
Butter to	Cooking fat	vegetable oil/margarine		1	NNR
→ vegetable oils		/liquid margarine/no fat
		butter, butter-oil mix		0
		/baking margarine
Butter based	Fat spread	margarine, low-fat margarine		2	NNR
bread fat spreads to		sterol margarine, or if		1
→ oil-based fat		options from more than
spreads		one category chosen
		butter or butter-oil-mix/no spread		0
		/no spread
High-fat dairy to	Low-fat cheese	fat percentage ≤17 %		1	NNR
→ low-fat dairy		fat percentage >17 % / no cheese		0
	Low-fat milk	only low-fat milk (≤1 % fat)		2	NNR
		both low-fat and full fat milk		1
		full fat milk or no milk at all		0
3. Increase:
Vegetables, fruits,	Vegetables	vegetables, legumes	>2 x / d	2	FNR + CP
and berries			1–2 x / d	1
			<1 x / d	0
	Fruits and berries		≥1 x/d	1	FNR + CP
			<1 x / d	0
Fish and seafood	Fish		≥1 x / wk	2	FNR + CP
			<1 x / wk	0
Nuts and seeds	-
Total HFII, maximum score				17

NNR Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012 [9], FNR Finnish Nutrition Recommendations 2014 [16], CP Consensus Panel decision