Figure 2.

Relative bias in β₁ estimates from naive and simulation-extrapolation (SIMEX)-corrected marginal structural models in 2-interval simulation studies, given varying ratios of covariate measurement error to residual error in Y. Parts A and B correspond to data generated according to Figure 1B, and parts C and D correspond to data generated according to Figure 1C. The left- and right-hand plots (parts A and C and parts B and D, respectively) represent first- and second-interval exposure effect estimates, respectively.