Figure 4.

Other biomarkers that were associated with severe Ebola virus disease (EVD). Expression of each biomarker was assayed in all patient plasma samples as described; markers of coagulation ( A ), markers of endothelial function ( B ), and markers of T-cell activity ( C ) were examined. Each patient's data points are indicated by the specified color and symbol. The x -axis shows days after onset of self-reported symptoms. The gray area represents the reference values of each biomarker as measured in samples from 10 healthy humans. The dotted line is the limit of the assay. For any sample that had a biomarker level that was below the limit of detection or undetectable, a non-zero value below the limit of detection was assigned to allow visualization of the data on the graph. This applies to von Willebrand factor (vWF), tissue factor, and fractalkine. Abbreviations: PECAM, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule; sICAM, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule.