Table 1. Characteristics of study participants.
| Men (n = 8133) | Women (n = 15 934) | |
| Mean (SD) age, years | 67.1 (6.5) | 64.7 (8.1) |
| Mean (SD) body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.4 (2.9) | 22.5 (3.3) |
| Mean (SD) waist circumference, cm | 84.9 (8.2) | 82.2 (9.7) |
| Abdominal obesitya | 50.7 | 20.8 |
| High blood pressurea | 68.8 | 57.9 |
| Dyslipidemiaa | 42.2 | 38.1 |
| High plasma glucosea | 31.0 | 17.7 |
| Current smoker | 24.3 | 6.4 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||
| Non-drinker | 32.6 | 72.0 |
| Occasional | 17.8 | 17.0 |
| Everyday | 49.6 | 10.9 |
| Low eGFR | 16.9 | 11.3 |
| Proteinuria | 15.0 | 4.0 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 22.7 | 14.3 |
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SD, standard deviation.
Data are presented as percentages, unless otherwise noted.
aAbdominal obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and high plasma glucose levels were defined in accordance with the definition of metabolic syndrome for the Japanese population.