Table 3. Daily energy, nutrients, and beverage intake by coffee consumption in healthy adult males with below and above 75% of recommended calcium intake.
| Variables | < 75% of recommended Ca intake | ≥ 75% of recommended Ca intake | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-coffee (N = 39) | < 1 serving coffee a day (N = 87) | ≥ 1 serving coffee a day (N = 33) | non-coffee (N = 51) | < 1 serving coffee a day (N = 92) | ≥ 1 serving coffee a day (N = 28) | |
| Energy, kcal/day | 2,123.82 ± 741.34* | 2,105.80 ± 628.72* | 1,820.94 ± 340.62† | 2,350.17 ± 556.74 | 2,394.80 ± 598.36 | 2,486.01 ± 697.96 |
| Protein, g/day | 79.10 ± 25.31* | 77.82 ± 26.73* | 64.97 ± 20.12† | 88.49 ± 24.49 | 90.85 ± 23.93 | 94.57 ± 25.95 |
| Fat, g/day | 66.81 ± 30.25 | 64.53 ± 31.35 | 52.20 ± 21.68 | 72.67 ± 27.17 | 75.99 ± 29.93 | 76.28 ± 31.08 |
| Carbohydrate, g/day | 286.71 ± 71.41 | 295.21 ± 84.69 | 269.58 ± 62.99 | 337.49 ± 77.32 | 338.24 ± 85.16 | 346.17 ± 110.81 |
| Ca, g/day | 355.22 ± 16.38 | 352.81 ± 98.04 | 327.88 ± 116.26 | 745.53 ± 244.54 | 767.73 ± 220.13 | 808.68 ± 274.48 |
| P, g/day | 951.14 ± 305.58* | 959.29 ± 309.37* | 803.29 ± 224.91† | 1,220.55 ± 332.53 | 1,289.59 ± 333.19 | 1,331.00 ± 338.04 |
| Fe, mg/day | 13.51 ± 4.68 | 15.31 ± 12.25 | 10.60 ± 4.27 | 17.00 ± 9.50 | 16.75 ± 7.67 | 16.32 ± 8.69 |
| Na, mg/day | 3,851.95 ± 1,223.90 | 3,989.58 ± 1,435.79 | 3,466.80 ± 996.60 | 5,222.81 ± 1,361.48 | 5,180.99 ± 1,576.31 | 5,374.83 ± 1,625.12 |
| K, mg/day | 2,176.94 ± 688.24 | 2,204.82 ± 689.26 | 1,926.66 ± 522.39 | 2797.30 ± 763.07 | 2,932.57 ± 870.77 | 3,088.36 ± 729.11 |
| Vitamin C, mg/day | 73.56 ± 43.31 | 75.72 ± 48.11 | 68.08 ± 44.10 | 94.13 ± 53.50 | 107.27 ± 82.03 | 102.10 ± 81.87 |
| Coffee, mL/wk | 0.00 ± 0.00‡ | 390.17 ± 224.09† | 2063.64 ± 960.49* | 0.00 ± 0.00‡ | 399.45 ± 233.56† | 1,829.46 ± 976.03* |
| Milk, mL/wk | 355.40 ± 321.40† | 576.74 ± 436.20* | 696.96 ± 563.74* | 555.10 ± 786.09† | 763.33 ± 547.19† | 1,278.57 ± 1,592.89* |
| Carbonated beverages, mL/wk | 362.77 ± 377.42† | 573.21 ± 457.56† | 826.87 ± 879.23* | 315.11 ± 302.46† | 628.47 ± 573.53* | 829.62 ± 676.42* |
| Alcohol, mL/wk | 214.36 ± 353.63 | 216.67 ± 231.21 | 238.13 ± 228.93 | 255.15 ± 302.46 | 246.61 ± 324.17 | 308.26 ± 364.66 |
Mean ± S.D.
*,†,‡Values with different superscripts within a row are significantly different at p < 0.05 as determined by Duncan's multiple range test.