Table 4. Bone status by coffee intake in healthy adult males with below and above 75% of recommended calcium intake.
| Variables | < 75% of recommended Ca intake | ≥ 75% of recommended Ca intake | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-coffee (N = 39) | < 1 serving coffee a day (N = 87) | ≥ 1 serving coffee a day (N = 33) | non-coffee (N = 51) | < 1 serving coffee a day (N = 92) | ≥ 1 serving coffee a day (N = 28) | |
| Estimated BMD, g/cm2 | 0.53 ± 0.12* | 0.55 ± 0.11 | 0.56 ± 0.10 | 0.53 ± 0.08 | 0.57 ± 0.11 | 0.55 ± 0.08 |
| QUI | 95.26 ± 18.99 | 99.48 ± 17.10 | 100.33 ± 15.49 | 96.05 ± 12.26 | 101.83 ± 17.38 | 98.40 ± 13.39 |
| BUA, dB/MHz | 70.84 ± 17.49 | 75.80 ± 17.75 | 76.01 ± 14.00 | 72.47 ± 13.77 | 77.45 ± 17.43 | 73.85 ± 14.23 |
| SOS, m/s | 1,554.15 ± 30.91 | 1,559.38 ± 25.99 | 1,561.38 ± 27.20 | 1,554.51 ± 18.53 | 1,563.40 ± 26.82 | 1,558.83 ± 21.23 |
| T-score | -0.31 ± 1.25 | -0.05 ± 1.13 | 0.03 ± 1.02 | -0.25 ± 0.81 | 0.12 ± 1.15 | -0.04 ± 0.806 |
Mean ± S.D.
BMD, bone mineral density; QUI, quantitative ultrasound index; BUA, broadband ultrasound attenuation; SOS, speed of sound.
*Values without any superscripts within a row are not significantly different by ANOVA test.