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The expression of cardioprotective genes is induced in the epicardium after thoracotomy. (a–d) Representative images of in situ hybridization on heart sections with antisense txn and cxcl12a probes. (e,f) The relative expression level of hmox1a and hpsa5 was tested by qRT-PCR (n ≥ 3; each replicate is a pool of six ventricles; **p < 0.01).
