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Effect of Viola odorata on the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of PC12 cells under serum/glucose deprivation (SGD) condition. The cells were pretreated with V. odorata extract for 4 hr and then exposed to SGD for an additional 24 hr. The values represent 5 independent experiments. *** p<0.001 SGD compared to control; ### p<0.001 compared to concentration of 0 µg/ml in SGD condition
