Table 3. Polynomial trends and pairwise comparisons for neuropsychological variables: ANOVA adjusted by the covariates participants’ age and years of education.

		Adjusted means			Factor		Trends				Pairwise-comparisons: mean differences
		HC	OB	MO	Group		Linear		Quadratic		OB vs HC			MO vs HC			MO vs OB
		n = 49	n = 21	n = 44	F(2;109)	p	CE	p	CE	p	MD	p	|d|	MD	p	|d|	MD	p	|d|
STROOP	Interference	2.52	−1.61	1.27	2.05	0.348	−0.89	0.442	2.86	0.132	−4.13	0.173	0.45	−1.25	0.583	0.19	2.88	0.436	0.46
WCST	Total corrects	64.02	67.49	69.22	1.25	0.497	3.68	0.119	−0.71	0.850	3.48	0.571	0.30	5.20	0.316	0.43	1.73	0.815	0.11
	Total errors	30.13	36.38	34.13	0.47	0.692	2.83	0.454	−3.47	0.676	6.25	0.571	0.29	4.01	0.583	0.18	−2.25	0.815	0.08
	Conceptual answers	54.76	56.65	60.17	0.88	0.555	3.82	0.224	0.66	0.857	1.90	0.759	0.11	5.41	0.398	0.31	3.51	0.815	0.16
	Categories completed	4.64	4.43	4.64	0.13	0.881	0.00	0.997	0.18	0.774	−0.22	0.759	0.12	0.00	0.997	0.01	0.22	0.815	0.09
IGT	Total	31.73	−0.81	3.40	11.24	0.001	−20.04	<0.001	15.00	0.041	−32.5	0.001	1.28*	−28.3	0.001	1.20*	4.21	0.815	0.19

Abbreviations: HC, healthy controls normal-weight; OB, Obesity; MO, Morbid-Obesity. SCWT, Stroop Color and Word Test; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; IGT, Iowa Gambling Task; Conc.answers, conceptual answers; Cat.complet., categories completed. |d|: Cohen’s-d. *Moderate to high effect size (|d| > 0.50). Results include Bonferroni’s-correction for multiple comparisons.