Figure 4. The microbial nanoculture system as a new platform to study cross-kingdom dynamics between C. albicans and P. aeruginosa PA14.

Yeast and hyphae of C. albicans were found in nanoculture when the yeast was encapsulated without bacteria (a). However, C. albicans were killed in cocultures containing PA14 cells (b1). The isolation of C. albicans in nanocultures incubated in bacterial culture with PA14 cells shows that growth inhibition of C. albicans. Moreover, the cells remained as yeast in the nanocultures when incubated in PA14 culture (b2). (scale bar: 50 μm).