Table 3. Clinical outcome of the affected hips of all ONFH patients based on the ARCO stage in this study.
| ARCO stage | n | VAS |
HHS |
Clinical outcome# |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Op | FU* | P | Pre-Op | FU* | P | Improved | Unchanged | Worsened | ||
| Stage I | 3 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 0.047 | 88.7 ± 2.1 | 95.0 ± 3.0 | 0.046 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Stage IIa | 5 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 0.024 | 77.8 ± 2.4 | 90.4 ± 3.1 | 0.000 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Stage IIb | 6 | 5.0 ± 1.8 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 0.003 | 75.7 ± 2.8 | 87.2 ± 2.2 | 0.000 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Stage IIc | 10 | 4.6 ± 1.9 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 0.001 | 74.6 ± 3.0 | 85.4 ± 3.5 | 0.000 | 9 | 1 | 0 |
| Stage IIIa | 18 | 6.2 ± 1.5 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 0.000 | 67.7 ± 6.7 | 81.9 ± 5.4 | 0.000 | 15 | 3 | 0 |
| Stage IIIb | 6 | 6.5 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 0.000 | 67.8 ± 5.0 | 85.3 ± 4.3 | 0.000 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| Stage IIIc | 3 | 8.0 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 0.003 | 57.6 ± 4.2 | 83.0 ± 5.3 | 0.003 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 51 | 5.4 ± 1.9 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 0.000 | 71.7 ± 8.1 | 85.3 ± 5.5 | 0.000 | 44 | 6 | 1 |
Note: ARCO, Association Research Circulation Osseous.; VAS, visual analogue scale; HHS, Harris hip score. Pre-Op, preoperation; FU, follow-up; *The last follow-up time. #Clinical outcome [26]: ‘Improved’ was defined when significant improvements in pain and function of the affected hip were noted after treatment. ‘Unchanged’ was defined when very little or no changes were noted after treatment. ‘Worsened’ was defined when more pain and less function were noted after treatment.