UbcH7 was pre‐conjugated with either WT‐Ub or mutant Ub (as indicated) and the reaction was quenched with apyrase. Each UbcH7˜Ub species was incubated with H887A‐HOIP
RBR
‐
LDD to enable detection of the E3˜Ub intermediate
41. Samples were analyzed on SDS–PAGE under non‐reducing conditions and subsequently visualized by Western blotting for the HA‐tag on Ub. Time was recorded post‐addition of H887A‐HOIP
RBR
‐
LDD
. Note: The HA antibody cross‐reacts with free HOIP (see *).