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. 2016 Aug 1;38:13. doi: 10.1186/s41021-016-0042-z

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Involvement of F. nucleatum in colon cancer development. Figure shows the mechanisms of F. nucleatum in the involvement of colon cancer. F. nucleatum promotes E-cadherin/ß-catenin signaling via FadA adhesin and protects from immune attack by engaging its bacterial protein Fap2 with the inhibitory immunoreceptor TIGIT on NK and T cells. Moreover, F. nucleatum generate a proinflammatory microenvironment through the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating immune cells