Table 1.
Project Viva mothers and children characteristics
| Characteristics | N=989 Mean (SD) or N (%) |
|---|---|
| Mothers | |
| Age, years | 32.1 (5.4) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 24.7 (5.0) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI category, % | |
| 18.5 – <25.0 kg/m2 | 640 (65) |
| 25.0 – <30.0 kg/m2 | 215 (22) |
| ≥30.0 kg/m2 | 134 (14) |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |
| Black | 161 (16) |
| Hispanic | 62 (6) |
| White | 676 (69) |
| Other | 86 (9) |
| College graduate or higher, % | 676 (69) |
| Married or cohabitating, % | 895 (91) |
| Household income >$70K/y, % | 583 (65) |
| Smoking status, % | |
| Never | 702 (71) |
| Former | 191 (19) |
| During pregnancy | 94 (10) |
| Nulliparous, % | 471 (48) |
| 1st trimester GWG, kg/wk | 0.22 (0.22) |
| 2nd trimester GWG, kg/wk | 0.49 (0.18) |
| 3rd trimester GWG, kg/wk | 0.47 (0.20) |
| Total GWG, kg/wk | 0.39 (0.13) |
| Total GWG, kg | 15.6 (5.3) |
| Children | |
| Female, % | 492 (50) |
| At birth | |
| Birth weight, gm | 3514 (519) |
| Gestation length, wk | 39.7 (1.4) |
| BW/GA z-score | 0.20 (0.97) |
| C-section, % | 219 (22) |
| At Mid-childhood | |
| Age, years | 7.9 (0.8) |
| BMI z-score | 0.41 (0.99) |
| BMI percentile, % | |
| . <85th | 733 (75) |
| . 85th–<95th | 129 (13) |
| . ≥95th | 121 (12) |
| DXA FMI, kg/m2 | 4.4 (1.9) |
| DXA trunk FMI, kg/m2 | 1.5 (0.9) |
| DXA FFMI, kg/m2 | 13.1 (1.4) |
| DXA percent fat | 24.6 (6.4) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 60.0 (8.2) |
| Sum of skinfolds (SS+TR), mm | 19.9 (9.8) |
BMI: body mass index; GWG: gestational weight gain; BW/GA: birth weight for gestational age; DXA: dual X-ray absorptiometry; FMI: fat mass index; FFMI: fat free mass index; SS: sub-scapular; TR: triceps