Pattern detection using the multi-edge P-space representation. (a) Geographical representation of graph GSP, where links correspond to the 1% best shortest paths of the whole public transportation network. (b) The normalized BiCross validation error computed for the adjacency matrix XSP(10 km,11 km) (solid black line) of the same graph, for the associated random matrix XSPrandom(10 km,11 km) (dotted line). The selected number of structures ks is assigned by a red rhombus. (c,d) Two of the structures revealed in the PT system of Paris. Green dots are ingoing, while red dots are outgoing affiliated.