Table 3. Time course of activity and physical function.
| Baseline | 6 months | 12 months | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life function | |||||
| Instrumental activities of daily living | TMIG-IC (pt) | 7.5 ± 3.5 | 8.8 ± 3.0 * | 8.9 ± 3.1 * | |
| Sphere of activity | LSA (pt) | 45.6 ± 20.3 | 54.3 ± 19.0 * | 52.2 ± 19.5 * | |
| Activities of daily living | FIM (pt) | 117.9 ± 9.3 | 118.9 ± 8.6 | 120.7 ± 6.2 * | |
| Self-efficacy over an action | FES (pt) | 26.8 ± 6.9 | 29.4 ± 6.8 * | 28.9 ± 7.5 * | |
| Physical function | |||||
| Agility | RT (cm) | 27.6 ± 9.3 | 24.7 ± 8.9 | 23.6 ± 6.4 * | |
| Muscle strength | Grip strength (kg) | 39.7 ± 13.6 | 40.8 ± 13.2 | 41.8 ± 13.0 | |
| Balance function | FRT (cm) | 22.5 ± 5.7 | 25.8 ± 6.9 * | 25.9 ± 6.1 ** | |
| OLS-T (sec) | 16.5 ± 20.4 | 25.2 ± 27.4 ** | 21.4 ± 22.3 * | ||
| Walking ability | 5mMWT (sec) | 8.6 ± 6.4 | 7.4 ± 5.4 ** | 7.2 ± 4.9 ** | |
| 5mNWT (sec) | 11.1 ± 7.4 | 9.3 ± 5.9 ** | 9.1 ± 5.3 ** | ||
| Functional mobility | TUG (sec) | 22.7 ± 16.3 | 18.4 ± 12.1 ** | 17.4 ± 11.2 ** | |
| Endurance | CWD (pt) | 4.5 ± 1.5 | 5.0 ± 1.3 * | 5.1 ± 1.1 ** | |
Average value ± standard deviation. *Significant difference p<0.05 between baseline and 6 or 12 months later. **Significant difference p<0.01 between baseline and 6 or 12 months later. TMIG-IC: Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence, LSA: Life-Space Assessment, FIM: Functional Independence Measure, FES: Fall Efficacy Scale, RT: stick reaction time, grip strength, FRT: Functional Reach Test, OLS-T: one leg standing time, 5mMWT: 5 m maximum walking time, 5mWNT: 5 m normal walking time, TUG: Timed Up & Go Test, CWD: continuation walking distance