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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 27.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2016 Jul 27;535(7613):551–555. doi: 10.1038/nature18928

Fig. 2. Astrocytic extracellular mitochondria and neuroprotection.

Fig. 2

a, Experimental schematic to test neuroprotective effects of astrocyte conditioned media (ACM) or mitochondria-depleted astrocyte conditioned media (mdACM) against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in rat cortical neurons. b, ACM but not mdACM rescued ATP levels in damaged neurons (n=4). c, ACM but not mdACM recovered neuronal viability after OGD (n=4). d, Immunostaining confirmed that neuroprotective effect of ACM but not mdACM (n=4). Scale: 100 μm. e, No statistically significant neuroprotection with liposomal ATP (1–1000 nM) after OGD. f, Fluorescent microscopy suggests the presence of astrocyte mitochondria (labeled with Mitotracker Red CMXRos, 200 nM) within neurons. Scale: 100 μm. All values are mean +/− SEM.