Table 2. Comparison of Pre- and Post-Treatment Scores of Pain, Function, Quality of Life, Anxiety, and Depression.

VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; RMDQ: The Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire; NHP: The Nottingham Health Profile

	C&H Belt, Plus Analgesics Group (Group A)	Placebo Belt, Plus Analgesics Group (Group B)	p-value (Inter-group)
VAS
Pre-treatment	6.82 ± 2.40	6.65 ± 2.42	> 0.05
Post-treatment	2.76 ± 2.71	3.58 ± 3.64	> 0.05
p-value (Intra-group)	< 0.05	< 0.05
RMDQ
Pre-treatment	19.61 ± 5.82	15.25 ± 5.96	< 0.05
Post- treatment	9.2 ± 5.19	9.03 ± 7.02	> 0.05
p-value (Intra-group)	< 0.05	< 0.05
NHP-Pain
Pre-treatment	75.13 ± 15.52	53.15 ± 19.45	< 0.05
Post-treatment	35.87 ± 26.51	29.48 ± 27.39	> 0.05
p-value (Intra-group)	< 0.05	< 0.05
NHP-Physical Activity
Pre-treatment	65.23 ± 21.76	54.06 ± 20.36	< 0.05
Post-treatment	35.67 ± 19.88	41.36 ± 23.21	> 0.05
p-value (Intra-group)	< 0.05	< 0.05
NHP-Energy Level
Pre-treatment	57.50 ± 29.02	36.48 ± 38.88	< 0.05
Post-treatment	42.90 ± 31.29	25.27 ± 30.67	> 0.05
p-value (Intra-group)	< 0.05	> 0.05
NHP-Sleep
Pre-treatment	32.30 ± 21.18	23.34 ± 20.15	> 0.05
Post-treatment	27.96 ± 22.86	23.17 ± 24.06	> 0.05
p-value (Intra-group)	> 0.05	> 0.05
NHP-Social Isolation
Pre-treatment	31.28 ± 23.82	11.89 ± 22.77	< 0.05
Post-treatment	23.39 ± 27.76	11.05 ± 25.81	> 0.05
p-value (Intra-group)	< 0.05	> 0.05
NHP-Emotional Reaction
Pre-treatment	40.78 ± 31.39	26.85 ± 26.71	> 0.05
Post-treatment	32.21 ± 31.40	21.82 ± 23.38	> 0.05
p-value (Intra-group)	> 0.05	> 0.05
Hospital Depression Scale
Pre-treatment	7.33 ± 6.12	8.06 ± 6.56	> 0.05
Post-treatment	5.78 ± 5.41	7.25 ± 5.90	> 0.05
p-value (Intra-group)	< 0.05	< 0.05
Hospital Anxiety Scale
Pre-treatment	7.26 ± 5.67	9.76 ± 3.98	> 0.05
Post-treatment	6.23 ± 4.23	8.82 ± 3.66	> 0.05
p-value (Intra-group)	< 0.05	< 0.05