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. 2016 Aug 1;11(8):e0160208. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160208

Fig 1. Macroscopic appearances of representative excised aortic valves for aortic stenosis and regurgitation.

Fig 1

Tricuspid aortic valve stenosis (TAV-AS); Severe calcified sclerotic tricuspid valve with fused commissures is seen. Congenital bicuspid aortic valve stenosis (CBAV-AS); Two calcified cusps with raphe (black arrow) and severe fibrous thickening are seen. Congenital bicuspid aortic valve regurgitation (CBAV-AR); R (right coronary cusp) and L (left coronary cusp) are fused. Coaptation sites are rather thicker than the other portions (white arrow).