Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the sample by race/ethnicity.
| Variable | African American | American Indian and Alaska Native | Latino | Pacific Islander | White | Asian American |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 18,778 | 4,543 | 21,000 | 440 | 206,490 | 23,032 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 72.7 (6.5) | 73.5 (6.3) | 71.9 (5.9) | 71.5 (7.0) | 73.9 (6.7) | 71.7 (5.9) |
| Female, % | 54.9 | 54.3 | 52.4 | 49.8 | 54.9 | 53.1 |
| ≥1 healthcare visit per year, % | 80.5 | 87.5 | 81.6 | 58.0 | 82.3 | 78.9 |
| Depression, % | 8.2 | 14.0 | 11.4 | 3.6 | 11.6 | 5.5 |
| Hypertension, % | 68.4 | 54.4 | 52.5 | 44.3 | 49.9 | 53.8 |
| Diabetes, % | 35.6 | 29.6 | 37.2 | 29.1 | 21.3 | 33.5 |
| Stroke, % | 9.2 | 9.5 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 6.2 |
| Cardiovascular disease*, % | 24.6 | 28.2 | 20.4 | 17.7 | 24.1 | 16.8 |
| Myocardial infarction, % | 2.3 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.1 |
| Heart failure, % | 10.0 | 8.9 | 6.6 | 7.5 | 8.3 | 5.2 |
| Ischemic heart disease, % | 16.3 | 21.2 | 15.7 | 13.6 | 17.7 | 13.4 |
| Peripheral arterial disease, % | 7.7 | 7.8 | 5.3 | 4.1 | 6.8 | 3.2 |
| Any comorbidity+ | 79.7 | 74.2 | 72.0 | 59.3 | 66.7 | 69.2 |
Baseline characteristics collected between 1/1/1996-12/31/1999.
*
Cardiovascular disease = myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and peripheral arterial disease.
+
Any comorbidity (depression, diabetes, stroke, or cardiovascular disease.