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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2016 May 31;89:169–177. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.05.034

Table 3.

Hazard ratios (HRs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p-values for time to non-adherence to screening mammography guidelines from multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, by participant and community characteristics, estimated in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium-Medicare cohort receiving an index screening mammogram between January 1, 2005 and July 1, 2008.

Age 66–70 at index Age 71–75 at index
95% CI 95% CI
Characteristic at the index mammogram HR of non-adherence lower bound upper bound p HR of non-adherence lower bound upper bound p
Demographics
Age, years
 66 1 (ref) 0.03
 67 1.18 0.97 1.43
 68 1.26 1.04 1.53
 69 1.27 1.04 1.54
 70 1.33 1.10 1.61
 71 1 (ref) 0.05
 72 1.04 0.86 1.27
 73 1.04 0.86 1.27
 74 1.14 0.94 1.39
 75 1.31 1.08 1.59
Race/ethnicity
 White 1 (ref) 0.76 1 (ref) 0.57
 Black 1.02 0.73 1.44 1.01 0.70 1.45
 Asian/Pacific Islander 1.44 0.85 2.45 0.81 0.42 1.56
 Hispanic 0.98 0.55 1.74 0.77 0.41 1.44
 Other/unknown 1.03 0.79 1.35 0.83 0.63 1.09
Education
 <HS graduate 1.41 1.11 1.80 0.03 1.55 1.24 1.93 0.001
 HS graduate or GED 1.17 0.99 1.38 1.21 1.02 1.43
 Some college or technical school 1.19 1.01 1.42 1.06 0.88 1.27
 College graduate 1 (ref) 1 (ref)
Community characteristics
Census tract diversity index
 <8.1 1 (ref) 0.24 1 (ref) 0.02
 8.1–18.8 0.87 0.73 1.03 0.77 0.65 0.92
 18.8–45.9 0.82 0.66 1.01 0.78 0.63 0.96
 >45.9 0.81 0.62 1.05 0.81 0.63 1.06
Proportion linguistically isolated
 None 1 (ref) 0.78 1 (ref) 0.86
 Any (>0) 0.94 0.59 1.48 1.04 0.66 1.64
Median household income
 <$43,827 1 (ref) 0.02 1 (ref) 0.16
 $43,827-$55,386 1.09 0.90 1.30 1.07 0.90 1.28
 $55,386-$75,553 1.07 0.84 1.37 0.94 0.73 1.20
 >$75,553 0.73 0.53 1.01 1.21 0.88 1.67
Average public transportation expenditures
 <$20 1 (ref) 0.09 1 (ref) 0.05
 $20-$28 0.83 0.67 1.02 0.99 0.81 1.21
 $28-$44 0.92 0.72 1.19 1.04 0.82 1.34
 >$44 1.12 0.79 1.58 0.71 0.50 1.02
Proportion with college degree
 <19% 1 (ref) 0.33 1 (ref) 0.35
 19%–32% 0.97 0.81 1.17 0.93 0.77 1.11
 32%–49% 1.17 0.92 1.48 0.82 0.65 1.05
 >49% 1.05 0.77 1.43 0.95 0.70 1.29
Proportion with access to internet
 <81% 1 (ref) 0.18 1 (ref) 0.78
 81%–84% 0.96 0.73 1.27 1.03 0.78 1.36
 84%–93% 0.79 0.59 1.06 0.89 0.66 1.18
 >93% 1.06 0.74 1.52 0.92 0.64 1.32
Proportion read health magazines
 <13% 1 (ref) 0.61 1 (ref) 0.15
 13%–15% 0.90 0.74 1.11 0.79 0.64 0.97
 15%–16% 0.89 0.71 1.10 0.87 0.70 1.09
 >16% 0.97 0.74 1.28 0.77 0.58 1.03
Proportion read newspaper daily
 <41% 1 (ref) 0.11 1 (ref) 0.82
 41%–46% 0.94 0.73 1.21 1.05 0.81 1.35
 46%–51% 1.10 0.84 1.44 1.14 0.87 1.50
 >51% 0.82 0.61 1.09 1.10 0.82 1.47
Breast cancer risk factors
Family history of breast cancer
 Yes 1.04 0.86 1.26 0.71 0.88 0.72 1.07 0.21
 No 1 (ref) 1 (ref)
BCSC 5-year breast cancer risk
 0 to <1% 1.23 0.64 2.35 0.12 0.76 0.34 1.70 0.007
 1 to 1.66% 1.22 0.99 1.50 1.17 0.95 1.44
 1.67 to 2.49% 1 (ref) 1 (ref)
 >=2.5% 0.91 0.78 1.06 0.81 0.70 0.95
Co-morbidity and healthcare utilization
Charlson co-morbidity score
 ≥1 1.44 1.24 1.66 <0.001 1.32 1.15 1.52 <0.001
 0 1 (ref) 1 (ref)
Primary care visit in prior year
 Yes 1 (ref) 0.14 1 (ref) 0.95
 No 1.16 0.96 1.41 0.99 0.81 1.22
Hospitalization in prior year
 Yes 1.31 1.08 1.59 0.008 1.04 0.86 1.26 0.69
 No 1 (ref) 1 (ref)

Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05)