Table 2.
Primary Set of Measures, All Completed By Adolescent
| Measure | Construct Measured / Relevant Points | Reliability in Study Sample |
|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY OUTCOME: Depressive Symptoms | ||
| Children’s Depression Inventory 47 | Widely used measure of depressive symptoms in youth. Total score and 5 subscale scores can be generated. | Cronbach’s alpha = 0.87 |
| PRIMARY OUTCOME: Glycemic Control | ||
| HbA1c measurement | Small sample of capillary blood is obtained during visit with kit provided by central laboratory. “Gold standard” measure of glycemic control. | N/A |
| MECHANISM OF CHANGE: Resilience (five indicators) | ||
| Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents | Assesses perceived mastery of everyday activities and social relatedness with peers and family. Total resilience score and subscale scores on relatedness and mastery. | Total score alpha = 0.97 Relational score alpha = 0.94 Mastery score alpha = 0.95 |
| Diabetes strengths and resilience measure | Assesses perceived competence for managing the T1D regimen, adapting to unpredictability of diabetes and seeking help and support for diabetes challenges. | alpha=.89 |
| Hopelessness Scale for Children 48 | Assesses degree of hopelessness. | alpha = 0.71 |
| Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire 49– 51 | Assesses maladaptive thinking styles and automatic negative thoughts. | alpha = 0.97 |
| Coping Efficacy Questionnaire 52 | Assesses coping skills, specifically satisfaction with handling past problems and anticipated effectiveness in handling future problems | alpha = 0.90 |
| Social Problem Solving Inventory 53 | Assesses social problem solving, awareness of ability to solve problems and efficacy of problem solving. | alpha for scales = 0.67 to 0.82; total score alpha = 0.72 |
| Diabetes Problem Solving Inventory 7 | Assesses diabetes-specific problem solving. It is a structured interview. Coding manual used for scoring. | N/A |
| MECHANISM OF CHANGE: Behavioral Adherence (two indicators) | ||
| Self-Care Inventory54 | Assesses level of adherence to diabetes self-care recommendations over the previous 1 – 2 months. | alpha = 0.77 |
| Blood glucose monitoring frequency | Downloads of meters to get an estimate of BGM frequency. BGM frequency is a strong, objective indicator of adherence.48,49 | N/A |